Human rights & Civil rights violation in war era
From birth, an individual is endowed with certain rights we know as “human rights.”
These are not rights granted by the government of a state, but rather are inalienable rights to which everyone is naturally entitled at birth. All individuals are protected irrespective of any distinctions such as race, skin colour, gender, language, religion, political and other opinions, national or social origin, property or title.
The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality are rights we have as
citizens of a political state, civil rights. Civil rights include the right to life, right to inviolability of individual dignity and honour, right to freedom and privacy, freedom to move, the right to residence, right to a fair trial, the presumption of innocence, etc.
But in recent decades, the armed conflict has blighted the lives of millions of civilians.
International severe humanitarian and human rights violations are common in many armed conflicts. In certain circumstances, some of these violations may even constitute evicting people by force from their homes, genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity. There are certain instances where our civil rights are restricted like on persons charged with or convicted of criminal offences, access to areas of environmental significance, access to areas such as earthquake zones and quarantine zones and prohibitions on unlicensed access to private premises.
During World War II, camp prisoners endured systematic cruelty, beating, starvation and
torture, Doctors, including the notorious Dr Mengele, performed brutal experiments. The Nazi government depended on slave labour. Conditions in camps were brutal and degrading and often resulted in deaths. In the Russia Ukraine war, The Commission found that some Russian Federation soldiers committed sexual and gender-based violence crimes, and had further documented cases in which children had been raped, tortured, unlawfully confined, killed and injured in indiscriminate attacks with explosive weapons. Russian forces have targeted health care facilities, schools, and civilian neighbourhoods. They have executed unarmed civilians.
At the very first gathering of the UN General Assembly in 1946, delegates to the
UN reviewed a draft document called the Declaration on Fundamental Human Rights and
Freedoms. From this beginning, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was
adopted in 1948. Most of the universally agreed upon human rights are codified in the UDHR, including the right to education; the right to rest and leisure; the right to work; the right to peaceful assembly; freedom of opinion, expressions and thought; and freedom from arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. The UDHR received support with over 50 of the 58 Member States of the UN participating in the final drafting of the UDHR and was adopted with only eight nations abstaining from the vote. Despite the political, ideological, economic, cultural and religious differences among the UN member states, none of the member states voted against the declaration.
Suleiman Abdulmalik, Sumy State University, student from Nigeria
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